Our BUs' primary sources of energy in 2020 were electricity (63%) and diesel (25%). In 2019, the primary sources of energy were also diesel and electricity (25% and 62% respectively). Total energy consumed decreased by 0.3% in 2020 to 5 162 650 gigajoules (GJ), compared to 5 179 561GJ in 2019, attributable mainly to energy efficiency projects implemented in our BUs.

Our energy and carbon management programme aims to reduce energy consumption and increase efficient diesel and electricity consumption. Our technology and engineering department's projects aim to reduce diesel consumption at all our operations use fuel additives and payload management. Planned projects include developing a consolidated dashboard for fuel and electricity at various BUs. The dashboard will provide routine energy usage and source apportionment information. These initiatives support the transition to a low-carbon economy and enable our operations to improve energy efficiency by striving to achieve low-carbon footprints and optimise energy consumption.

We set energy intensity targets every year, based on each operation's performance over the previous years, and monitor these targets monthly. A review of targets at the end of 2017 proposed long-term (five-year) targets to facilitate our energy-saving initiatives. We implemented these targets in the second half of 2019.

Electricity and diesel intensities decreased in 2020, mainly due to energy efficiency projects in our operations, particularly at our largest operation Grootegeluk. Based on an increase of 5% in production tonnages in 2020, electricity intensity decreased by 7% to 13MWh/kt and diesel intensity decreased by 6% to 2 042 litres (L)/kt.

Electricity consumption in coal operations	Electricity (MWh)			Production (kt)			Electricity intensity (MWh/kt)
	2020	2019	2018	2020	2019	2018	2020	2019	2018
Total	605 770	624 240	553 100	47 008	44 813	41 671	13	14	13
Change (%)	3	11	3	5	7.0	6	7	7	7
Mpumalanga
Belfast	2 904	30		2 850	1 029		1
Dorstfontein East	17 286	18 254		909	1 345		19	14
Dorstfontein West	14 393	18 013		1 104	816		13	22
Forzando North	43 795	47 511		84	403		26	23
Forzando South1				1 594	1 671				4
Leeuwpan	25 927	26 435	26 225	3 720	4 396	4 220	7	6	6
Mafube	26 237	22 970	15 924	1 818	1 808	1 145	14	13	14
Matla	100 358	103 037	105 757	6 153	5 991	6 609	16	17	16
Arnot2	1 366	13 901	22 041
Limpopo
Grootegeluk	371 785	372 149	381 480	28 776	27 757	29 698	13	13	13
Tshikondeni	1 651	1 849	1 550
KwaZulu-Natal
Durnacol	50	77	107
Hlobane	18	14	16

1	Electricity consumption at Forzando South is included in the Forzando North figure (consumption is for Forzando North and Forzando South hence the calculated electricity intensity reflected for Forzando North is based on production figures for both operations).
2	Arnot was transferred to Arnot Opco Proprietary Limited during Q1 2020.

Diesel consumption in coal operations	Diesel (kL)			Production (kt)			Diesel consumption intensity (L/kt)
	2020	2019	2018	2020	2019	2018	2020	2019	2018
Total	96 131	98 702	73 804	47 008	44 813	41 671	2 042	2 203.00	1 771
Change (%)	3	25	1	5	7	6	6	20	6
Mpumalanga
Belfast	13 100	5 020		2 850	1 029		4 596	4 879
Dorstfontein East	7 154	9 598		909	1 345		7 874	7 136
Dorstfontein West	409	463.9		1 104	816		371	569
Forzando North	763	813.9		84	402.8		9 059	2 020
Forzando South	240	218.7		1 594	1 671		151	130
Leeuwpan	19 480	21 924	19 847	3 720	4 396	4 220	5 326	4 987	4 618
Mafube	4 571	6 768	5 556	1 818	1 808	1 145	2 514	3 744	4 853
Matla	2 073	2 194	2 503	6 153	5 991	6 609	337	366	379
Arnot	56	902	989
Limpopo
Reductants			56
Grootegeluk	48 189	50 720	44 520	28 776	27 757	29 697	1 675	1 827	1 412
Tshikondeni	10	13.7	16
KwaZulu-Natal
Durnacol	39	13	34
Hlobane	47	52	42

Diesel consumption at FerroAlloys in 2020 was 12kL and 0.05kL at our corporate centre, the coneXXion.